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Joachim Murat
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Joachim Murat

Joachim Murat (1767-1815) was a French cavalry officer who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). He was appointed marshal of the French Empire in 1804, Grand Duke of Berg in 1806, and ruled as...
Joachim Murat
Image by François Gérard

Joachim Murat

Portrait of Joachim Murat (1767-1815), a French marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). A daring cavalry officer, Murat served in Napoleon's Italian and Egyptian campaigns, supported the Coup of 18 Brumaire, and distinguished...
Kitchen Still-life by Joachim Beuckelaer
Image by Joachim Beuckelaer

Kitchen Still-life by Joachim Beuckelaer

A painting of a 16th-century CE kitchen by Joachim Beuckelaer, c. 1560-1565 CE. (Mauritshuis, The Hague, Netherlands)
Joachim von Ribbentrop
Image by Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-H04810

Joachim von Ribbentrop

A 1938 photograph of Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893-1946), Nazi German foreign minister, who negotiated the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939. (German Federal Archives)
Joachim Murat as King of Naples
Image by François Gérard

Joachim Murat as King of Naples

Portrait of Joachim Murat as King of Naples (r. 1808-1815), oil on canvas by François Gérard, c. 1811. Private collection.
German Peasants' War
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

German Peasants' War

The German Peasants' War (1524-1525) was a conflict between the lower class of the Germanic region of the Holy Roman Empire and the nobility over the feudal system of serfdom, religious freedom, and economic disparity. It was later characterized...
State of Nature
Definition by Mark Cartwright

State of Nature

The state of nature is an idea which became especially popular with certain philosophers during the Enlightenment, notably Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). It refers to a state of existence...
Social Contract
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Social Contract

The social contract is an idea in philosophy that at some real or hypothetical point in the past, humans left the state of nature to join together and form societies by mutually agreeing which rights they would enjoy and how they would be...
George I of Great Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

George I of Great Britain

George I of Great Britain (r. 1714-1727) succeeded the last of the Stuart monarchs, Queen Anne of Great Britain (r. 1702-1714) because he was Anne's nearest Protestant relative. The House of Hanover secured its position as the new ruling...
Castle Johannisburg
Image by Irina-Maria Manea

Castle Johannisburg

Johannisburg Palace, the second residence of the Electoral Archbishops of Mainz until 1803, is located in the centre of Aschaffenburg on the banks of the Main, Bavaria. The mighty four-wing complex, built between 1605 and 1614 under...
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